My dog ate something containing xylitol - how urgent is this?
Answered by our veterinary team
This is one of the highest-urgency pet poisoning situations. Do not wait for symptoms to appear - call your vet or the ASPCA Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) or Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661) right now.
**Why is xylitol so dangerous?** In humans and most animals, xylitol doesn't affect insulin secretion. In dogs, xylitol causes a disproportionately large and rapid release of insulin from the pancreas, causing dangerous hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). This can occur within 30 minutes to 1 hour of ingestion. Larger amounts also cause acute hepatic necrosis (liver cell death) within 24–72 hours, which can be fatal even if the hypoglycaemia is managed.
Toxic doses
As little as 0.1g/kg body weight can cause hypoglycaemia. Liver failure occurs at doses above 0.5g/kg. The amount of xylitol in products varies enormously - some sugar-free gums contain 0.3–1g per piece.
**Common sources of xylitol** (always check labels): - Sugar-free chewing gum (highest concentrations) - Some peanut butters (brands like Nuts 'n More, P28, Krush Nutrition) - Sugar-free candy, mints, and baked goods - Some vitamins and supplements - Mouthwash and toothpaste - Some pharmaceutical syrups
Signs of xylitol poisoning
Vomiting, weakness, incoordination, collapse, seizures, yellow discolouration of skin/gums (jaundice)
Treatment
IV glucose, monitoring, liver protectants. Prognosis is good if treated before liver failure develops.
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